An Insight in to Post-Covid Syndrome in Covid-19 Long Haulers

Abstract

Background: Post-COVID syndrome includes a spectrum of symptoms that occur after COVID-19. It has a plethora of symptoms ranging from neuropsychiatric symptoms to dermatologic symptoms thereby affecting the quality of life of COVID-19 long haulers. There are no evidence-based international guidelines to follow for the management of post-COVID syndrome and thus it remains a clinical issue.

Objectives: To study about the post-COVID syndrome and its effect on COVID-19 long haulers.

Methodology: The recent studies related to the aim of the review were undertaken through a literature search to study in detail about post-COVID syndrome.

Results: Post-COVID syndrome can be classified into different types according to the initial symptoms, time of initiation, duration of symptoms, and period of quiescence. Females are at higher risk of developing this syndrome. Fatigue is the most common symptom of post-COVID syndrome and can persist for several months. It can be diagnosed through history collection, physical examination and blood tests. A positive COVID-19 test cannot be considered as a diagnostic test for post-COVID syndrome. Inflammatory response occurs and inflammatory cytokines are release in huge amount leading to cytokine storm. Cytokine storm may lead to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and a phase of long drawn immunosuppression. Light aerobic exercises, breathing exercises, complementary behavioural modification and psychological support may help in improving the condition of the individuals. There are no evidence-based international guidelines to follow for the management of post-COVID syndrome and thus it remains a clinical issue.

Conclusion: Post-COVID syndrome is a new and distinct phenomenon. It mostly remains unclear regarding the long-term effects of COVID-19, but researchers are working. However, its symptoms, could have far-reaching consequences for a person’s quality of life, affecting personal life and their career goals.

Keywords: COVID-19, respiratory distress, cytokine storm, dyspnea, sepsis