An Insight in to Post-COVID Syndrome in Covid-19 Long Haulers

Authors

  • Neelima Venugopal Department of Pharmacy Practice, J.K.K.Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam-638183, Tamil Nadu.
  • R. Kameswaran Department of Pharmacy Practice, J.K.K.Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam-638183, Tamil Nadu.
  • Senthil Madasamy Department of Pharmacy Practice, J.K.K.Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam-638183, Tamil Nadu.

Keywords:

COVID-19, respiratory distress, cytokine storm, dyspnea, sepsis

Abstract

Post-COVID syndrome includes a spectrum of symptoms that occur after COVID-19. It can be classified into different types according to the initial symptoms, time of initiation, duration of symptoms, and period of quiescence. Females are at higher risk of developing this syndrome. Post-COVID syndrome has a plethora of symptoms ranging from neuropsychiatric symptoms to dermatologic symptoms. Fatigue is the most common symptom of post-COVID syndrome and can persist for several months. It can be diagnosed through history collection, physical examination and blood tests. A positive COVID-19 test cannot be considered as a diagnostic test for post-COVID syndrome. Inflammatory response occurs and inflammatory cytokines are release in huge amount leading to cytokine storm. Cytokine storm may lead to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and a phase of long drawn immunosuppression. Light aerobic exercises, breathing exercises, complementary behavioural modification and psychological support may help in improving the condition of the individuals. There are no evidence-based international guidelines to follow for the management of post-COVID syndrome and thus it remains a clinical issue.

Keywords: COVID-19, respiratory distress, cytokine storm, dyspnea, sepsis

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Published

2022-02-27