Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Patients with Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-Associated Vasculitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a rare and complex autoimmune disease involving inflammation of small and medium-sized blood vessels, leading to multi-organ dysfunction. The disease predominantly affects the kidneys and lungs, causing progressive organ damage if not managed promptly. This study aims to analyze the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and the extent of organ involvement in patients diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Objective: To study the clinical profile of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis, focusing on organ involvement, symptom severity, and laboratory findings.

Material and Methods: This prospective study involved 60 patients diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis in the Department of Medicine at a tertiary care hospital. Patients were evaluated through detailed clinical examinations, laboratory testing, and imaging techniques to determine organ involvement and disease severity. Positive ANCA serology confirmed the diagnosis.

Results: Among the 60 patients, 65% exhibited renal involvement, with elevated serum creatinine levels indicating impaired kidney function. Pulmonary manifestations such as cough and hemoptysis were present in 52% of cases. Skin involvement, characterized by rashes and purpura, was noted in 28% of patients. Laboratory results showed that all patients had positive ANCA titers, with elevated inflammatory markers.

Conclusion: The study highlights the multi-system involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis, with renal and pulmonary involvement being the most common. Prompt diagnosis and tailored treatment are essential to manage the disease and improve clinical outcomes.

Keywords: ANCA-associated vasculitis, autoimmune disease, renal dysfunction, pulmonary symptoms, systemic inflammation