Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Acute Febrile Illness with Thrombocytopenia: A Study of 60 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a common clinical presentation in tropical regions, often associated with thrombocytopenia. Identifying the clinical and laboratory characteristics in such cases is essential to guide timely interventions. This study aims to analyze the clinical profile and laboratory parameters of patients presenting with acute febrile illness and thrombocytopenia, focusing on the correlation between platelet count and disease outcomes.

Objective: To study the clinical profile, laboratory parameters, and outcomes of patients with acute febrile illness and thrombocytopenia.

Material and Methods: This prospective observational study included 60 patients with acute febrile illness and thrombocytopenia admitted to the Department of Medicine at a tertiary care hospital. Relevant clinical history, physical examination findings, and laboratory investigations were recorded. Thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count of <150,000/µL. Patients were evaluated for potential etiologies, including dengue, malaria, and other infections. Clinical outcomes were assessed, including recovery, complications, and mortality.

Results: A total of 60 patients with acute febrile illness and thrombocytopenia were included. The mean age was 38.5 ± 12.3 years. The majority of cases were attributed to infections like dengue (35%), malaria (20%), and viral fever (18%). The mean platelet count on admission was 84,500/µL. Patients with severe thrombocytopenia (<50,000/µL) had a higher risk of complications such as bleeding (15%) and organ dysfunction (10%). The mortality rate was 5%.

Conclusion: Acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia is frequently encountered in clinical practice, with infections being the leading cause. Monitoring platelet levels and timely management are essential to prevent complications.

Keywords: Acute febrile illness, Thrombocytopenia, Platelet count, Dengue, Malaria